Bakers, David. ” The Suffragettes.” Belfast Suffragettes. 2011. Accessed December 2016. http://www.belfastsuffragettes.com/suffragettes.html.
This source gave further insight into the actions of Irish Suffragettes. This site also served to highlight the differences and conflicts that arose between Northern and Southern Suffragettes.
Benton, Sarah. “Women Disarmed: The Militarization of Politics in Ireland 1913-23.” Feminist Review, no. 50 (1995): 148-72. doi:10.2307/1395497.
This journal had a vast amount of information on masculinity and militarization as well as the role that women played in this world. Benton made some interesting points that related rape to war and blood to independence. Although this information was interesting, it did not pertain to our argument so we focused mainly on the information it provided about nationalist papers, the Fianna Eireann, the Irish Volunteers and the Sinn Fein after the Rising. This information was discussed to discuss women’s involvement in politics after the war, particularly Sheehy-Skeffington and Gonne.
Bowe, Nicola Gordon. “Symbols of Ireland.” Symbols of Ireland. 2005. Accessed December 2016. http://www.gov.ie/en/essays/symbols.html.
This source was likewise helpful in the analysis of Erin and Maeve, and developing a more concrete history.
Conley, A., Grinnell, J., Re/dressing Cathleen: Contemporary Works from Irish Women Artists. Chestnut Hill, MA: McMullen Museum of Art, Boston College. 1997. 1-11.
We used the introduction of this book, and the section focusing on re-dressing Cathleen, to hone in on some contemporary artistic reactions to the modern trope of woman symbols, specifically Cathleen ni Houlihan.
Connell, Joseph E. “Irish Women’s Franchise League and Irish Women’s Workers’ Union.” History of Ireland. January 10, 2013. Accessed November 2016. http://www.historyireland.com/20th-century-contemporary-history/irish-womens-franchise-league-and-irish-womens-workers-union/.
This source was instrumental in gathering information on the Suffrage Movement, and its relationship with Home Rule. The sources cited at the bottom of the article aided the development of the topic as a whole.
Conrad, Kathryn A. Locked in the Family Cell: Gender, Sexuality, and Political Agency in Irish National Discourse. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press/Terrace Books, 2004. 1-12
This book provided the group a framework for understand the Irish family as a Revolutionary cell. Here, we learned about the foundations of the Irish family cell, and how it stems from British colonization and Christianity, but also how it was strengthened with capitalist and modernity, and led the Irish woman to become the unit for Revolutionary fecundity.
Dunn, Joseph, and Ernst Windisch. “Complete Cattle Raid of Cooley, Irish and English.” Complete Cattle Raid of Cooley, Irish and English. February 26, 1999. Accessed November, 2016. http://adminstaff.vassar.edu/sttaylor/Cooley/.
This was the text I used to reference the Cattle Raid of Cooley, a very comprehensive translation which included an index of place and personal names and a pronunciation guide.
Finlay, Fergus. Mary Robinson: A President with a Purpose. Dublin: O’Brien Press, 1990.
Further integral information regarding Mary Robinson and her Presidency.
Foucault, Michel. The History of Sexuality. London: Penguin, 1992.
This classic philosophical piece is vital for understanding the hysterization of the female body and also the workings of the capitalist family unit, tying in closely with Conrad’s theoretical work on the family cell.
Hart, Peter. “The Social Structure Of The Irish Republican Army, 1916–1923.” The Historical Journal 42, no. 1 (1999): 207-31. doi:10.1017/s0018246x98008176.
This journal discussed the dynamics of people who made up the IRA and their involvement in the Rising. Hart describes the Volunteers as a “boys club throughout” but discusses some of the auxiliary roles that women fought to have. Much of this information was male dominated, describing which percentage of the population were farmers and shopkeepers. Despite this, there were some useful insights into the women and their efforts as whole.
Hearne, Dana. “The Irish Citizen 1914-1916: Nationalism, Feminism, and Militarism.” The Canadian Journal of Irish Studies 18, no. 1 (1992): 1-14. doi:10.2307/25512892.
This article exposed the impacts that The Irish Citizen had on the women’s suffragist movement, mainly the fight for suffrage before independence. It discussed in great detail the works of the Irish Women’s Franchise League and to a lesser degree, the work of the Cumann na mBan to identify the difference between a pacifist suffragist group and a militaristic nationalist group. The article identified the notion of “hysterical” women that we were looking to destroy and we used the information on the women’s groups to support our claims.
Kearns, G. (2004). Mother ireland and the revolutionary sisters. Cultural Geographies, 11(4), 443-467. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/1474474004eu315oa
This article began with a brief overview of the allegorical role of women as the symbol of Ireland, then moved on to mention Maeve and subsequently dove into the details of each of the women we highlighted on our website and their experiences in jail. This was a main source for our information on the conditions under which they were arrested and released as well as the political activities that occurred during and after their internment. This was the first document to inspire much of our information about Kathleen Clarke.
Macardle, Dorothy. The Irish Republic; a Documented Chronicle of the Anglo-Irish Conflict and the Partitioning of Ireland, with a Detailed Account of the Period 1916-1923. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1965.
We used this book to get a better understanding of the 1922 and 1937 Constitutions. It includes detailed accounts of the agreements mainly from Eamon De Valera. It broke up each constitution with insertions of his thoughts and those of Winston Churchill to describe the impact that these agreements had on the reality of political life.
Marreco, Anne. The Rebel Countess; the Life and times of Constance Markievicz. Philadelphia: Chilton Books, 1967.
This book was packed with information and was among the first that we had consulted. In it were many women with whom Markievicz had interacted which made it much easier to find the other women we were looking to highlight on our website. This book also included great photos, particularly of Markievicz but also of the Cumann na mBan uniforms and the Fianna Eirann.The book also included some remarkable quotes from Markievicz that we added into text boxes on her web page.
“Mary Robinson.” The Elders:Mary Robinson. 2016. Accessed November 2016. http://theelders.org/mary-robinson.
This source provided background information on Mary Robinson, and detailed her contributions to the world after her presidency.
McCoole, Sinéad. No Ordinary Women: Irish Female Activists in the Revolutionary Years, 1900-23. Univ of Wisconsin Press, 2003.
McCoole wrote this book in an effort to discover more about the women in Irish history who were arrested in various uprisings like the Easter Rising and the Civil War. We used this book to collect more information on the circumstances under which these women were arrested and detained. McCoole also wrote information about the political advancements that women like Markievicz and Clarke were able to make while in jail. This source served as a major supporter the the informational base upon which we built our site.
McDiarmid, Lucy. At Home in the Revolution: What Women Said and Did in 1916. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy, 2015.
This recent publication helped us understand the spaces in the Rising that women were either included in or barred from entering, both physical and metaphorical.
Mill, John Stuart. On Liberty, The Subjection of Women. New York: H. Holt and, 1898.
This book served to enhance the influence and concern Mill had for the Suffrage Movement. A direct quote from this book highlighted Mill’s concern for equality.
Monaghan, Patricia. The Encyclopedia of Celtic Mythology and Folklore. New York: Facts On File, 2004.
This source was extremely helpful in finding further information on both Erin and Maeve. On Erin it was especially interesting to see the different interpretation of her myth in the same context, Powerful v.s. Vulnerable.
Moody, T. W., F. X. Martin, F. J. Byrne, and Art Cosgrove. A New History of Ireland: A Chronology of Irish History to 1976. Vol. 8. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982.
We used this book to collect some basic information on the 1916 Proclamation of the Irish Republic as well as some information about the 1922 and the 1937 Constitutions. This book wasn’t written with too much detail, only about a sentence or two for most days. Because this book outlines nearly fifteen hundred years of history, that is understandable. Regardless, it served the purpose we needed of creating a brief overview for our timeline.
Niman, Sharon. “The Intoxicating Warrior Queen.” Celtic Culture. 2000. Accessed November 28, 2016. http://www.bardsongpress.com/Celtic_Culture/The_Intoxicating_Warrior_Queen.htm.
This source supplemented other Maeve sources and allowed for further analysis into her life.
O’Casey, Sean. The Story of the Irish Citizen Army, by P. O’Cathasaigh. Dublin: Maunsel &, 1919.
This book was used in an effort to collect less gender specific information about the Rising. We thought it would be important to include some basic information about the ICA which included just how involved Markievicz actually was in the decision-making processes of the Rising. Due to the age of this book, it read more like a history account rather than the story that the title suggests. It included what appeared to be minutes from some of the ICA meetings which proved to be helpful when determining who was present and contributed.
O’Neill, Marie. “The Dublin Women’s Suffrage Association and Its Successors.” Dublin Historical Record 38, no. 4 (1985): 126-40. http://www.jstor.org/stable/30100670.
Instrumental in creating a timeline of imperative events to the suffrage movement.
Regan, Stephen. Irish Writing: An Anthology of Irish Literature in English, 1789-1939. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. 160-161, 393-394.
From this anthology, we referenced “The West’s Asleep” by Thomas Davis and “Mother” by Patrick Pearse to discuss tropes in symbolizing Ireland as a woman.
Ryan, Louise. “‘Furies’ and ‘Die-hards’:Women and Irish Republicanism in the Early Twentieth Century.” Gender and History 11, no. 2 (July 1999): 256-75. Accessed December 2, 2016. doi:10.1111/1468-0424.00142.
Louise’s article gave our team quite a bit of information about some of the lesser known women of the Republican campaign and their contributions that we were looking to highlight. It did include some helpful information about Margaret Skinnider. It described much of the underground work like smuggling guns and ammunition that would be among the many surprising ways that women aided in the revolution. However, it did reference other authors and it would have been helpful to have been able to delve further into their citations.
Skinnider, Margaret. Doing my bit for Ireland. Century Company, 1917.
Skinnider’s book was a very helpful first hand account of the events during the Rising. She was one of the main women described in the earlier books we had consulted first and she proved to be quite influential. Her perspective on Markievicz and the involvement of women was much more direct, although a bit biased due to the comfortable lifestyle she grew up with.
Steele, Karen. “Raising Her Voice for Justice: Maud Gonne and the “United Irishman”” New Hibernia Review / Iris Éireannach Nua 3, no. 2 (1999): 84-105. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20557556.
This article viewed women’s struggle as more a visible political force through the writings of women in this nationalist paper. The article also delved into information about the Inghinidhe na Eireann, comparing the work in the United Irishman with the work in the Bean na Eireann. Although Gonne had created the Bean na Eireann, the United Irishman still published some of her works. Gonne’s political activities were revealed in this article and made use by us in our website.
“Top Five Female Irish Heroes from History.” Irish Central. December 01, 2014. Accessed November 2016. http://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/top-five-female-irish-heroes-from-history-photos.
This website was one of the first sources consulted before extensive research on the Hidden Heroines of Irish History. This outlined women who were then focused on later in the project and research stages.
“Tributes to Queen Maeve.” Queen Maeve. February 21, 2014. Accessed November, 2016. http://www.queenmaeve.org/publications-and-events.html.
This was an extremely helpful website which offered insight into Maeve’s story and her significance. This source led to further research on her back story and the saga The Cattle Raid Of Cooley.
Voris, Jacqueline Van. Constance De Markievicz. Old Westbury, Long Island, N.Y.: Feminist Press, 1972.
We used this book to get a plethora of information on Markievicz, particularly her background which contributed to our argument. This book effectively went over quite a few of the women’s suffrage organizations and provided details about the women that were arrested and highlighted on our website. This book was an easy read and read more like a novel than a history book.
Ward, Margaret. Conflicting Interests: The British and Irish Suffrage Movements. London: Feminist Review, 1995.
This book offered insights into the tensions between the British and Irish Suffrage Movements, mainly due to support or anger with/at the Rising and its sentiments.
Ward, Margaret. In Their Own Voice: Women and Irish Nationalism. Cork, Ireland: Attic Press, 2001.
This is one of the most extensive collections of female Irish nationalist voices and also a vital compilation of primary sources.
Ward, Margaret. “‘Suffrage First, Above All Else!’ An Account of the Irish Suffrage Movement.” Feminist Review, no. 10 (1982): 21-36. doi:10.2307/1394778.
In this book, Ward outlines some of the specific roles that politics portrayed within the suffrage movement.We were able to use information in this book that outlined the formation of the Cumann na mBan and the decision by Markievicz to make it a more active, militaristic group to be taken seriously. It also discussed some of the brave acts committed by the women on our website during the Rising, particularly those of Sheehy-Skeffington and Markievicz. In this book in particular, Ward does not highlight any lesser known women and instead chooses to focus on the key women.
William Butler Yeats and Augusta Gregory, Cathleen ni Houlihan.
We reference the play throughout the website because it is vital to our understand of the woman as the symbolic Ireland, and also allows us to discuss Maud Gonne’s role as both an on and off-stage symbol.